|
|
ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
|
Year : 2015 | Volume
: 6
| Issue : 1 | Page : 77 |
|
Methodology and early findings of the assessment of determinants of weight disorders among Iranian children and adolescents: The childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of adult Noncommunicable Disease-IV study
Roya Kelishadi1, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh2, Maryam Bahreynian3, Mohammad Javad Gharavi4, Kourosh Kabir5, Gelayol Ardalan6, Omid Safari7, Mostafa Qorbani8
1 Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2 Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 3 Department of Medical Parasitology, Deputy of Researches and Technologies, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 4 Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5 Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 6 Department of School Health, Bureau of Population, Family and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 7 Department of Pediatrics, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 8 Depatment of Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Date of Submission | 08-May-2015 |
Date of Acceptance | 08-Jul-2015 |
Date of Web Publication | 14-Aug-2015 |
Correspondence Address: Mostafa Qorbani School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Baghestan Boulevard, 31485/56, Karaj Iran
 Source of Support: This project is a collaborative effort
between the Bureau of Population, Family, and School Health
of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences, and Alborz University of Medical
Sciences, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.162953
Background: This paper presents the methodology and primary findings of a national project on determinants of weight disorders among Iranian children and adolescents at national and sub-national levels. Methods: This nationwide study was conducted in 2011-2012 in Iran as part of the fourth phase of a national surveillance program entitled Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Noncommunicable disease-IV study. It had two phases of qualitative and quantitative study. This multicentric study was conducted among 25,000 students aged 6-18 years, living in urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran. Students were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Data regarding weight disorders including sociodemographic variables, perinatal factors, lifestyle factors, family and student dietary habits, quality of life, and family history of chronic diseases as well as body image were gathered via validated questionnaires. Results: Overall, 23043 students completed the survey (participation rate: 92.17%). The mean age of participants was 12.55 ± 3.31 years; 50.8% were boys, and 73.4% were from urban areas. Underweight was found in 10.4% of boys and 9.2% of girls, the corresponding figure for overweight and obesity was 21% and 18.3%. Abdominal obesity was found in 17.6% of students. Among parents, obesity was more frequent than other weight disorders, with higher prevalence in parents of girls than boys (24.5% vs. 21.5%, respectively, P < 0.001). Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in urban than in rural parents (66.7% vs. 59.7%, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusions: This survey serves as confirmatory evidence on the prevalence of dual burden of weight disorders in Iran. Its findings on determinants of weight disorders would help policymakers to implement relevant programs at national and sub-national levels. Keywords: Adolescents, children, determinants, Iran, overweight, underweight
How to cite this article: Kelishadi R, Motlagh ME, Bahreynian M, Gharavi MJ, Kabir K, Ardalan G, Safari O, Qorbani M. Methodology and early findings of the assessment of determinants of weight disorders among Iranian children and adolescents: The childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of adult Noncommunicable Disease-IV study. Int J Prev Med 2015;6:77 |
How to cite this URL: Kelishadi R, Motlagh ME, Bahreynian M, Gharavi MJ, Kabir K, Ardalan G, Safari O, Qorbani M. Methodology and early findings of the assessment of determinants of weight disorders among Iranian children and adolescents: The childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of adult Noncommunicable Disease-IV study. Int J Prev Med [serial online] 2015 [cited 2023 Jun 5];6:77. Available from: https://www.ijpvmjournal.net/text.asp?2015/6/1/77/162953 |
Introduction | |  |
Growth disorders including the wide variations from lowest levels of underweight up to considerable situation of overweight are common health problems in the field of pediatrics. [1],[2]
In children and adolescences, individual variation in the growth velocity and specific pattern of growth mainly affect from a complex settings of genetic factors, environmental factors, socioeconomic determinants, nutritional status, physical activity, and many other known and unknown exposures. [3],[4] To achieve adequate physical growth, optimal mental development, and coping with chronic diseases, children and adolescents, need to adequate nutrition and physical activity. [5]
Considering the ascending trends in most of the world countries, and because of attributed short-term and long-term health adverse effects, these problems need to exact detection and rapid actions. [6] Epidemiological transition from communicable to noncommunicable diseases, socioeconomic advancement in developing countries, changes in lifestyle, nutrition, and physical activity, especially among the younger age groups, as the main predisposing factor should be more addressed in preventive and controlling programs. [7],[8]
In Iran, national studies provide scientific evidences on dual burden of weight disorders in Iranian children and adolescents. [3],[9] Given the considerable differences between different age groups and socioeconomic conditions, as well as between residents of different areas, aim to dealing with complex associations between predisposing factors of growth disorders and various combinations of environmental, social and psychological, determinants, we need to almost available data and evidences for both; planning and conducting target groups-specific programs. [10],[11]
Despite priority of problem, there is an obvious gap in related knowledge. [11] Macroeconomic policy should be designed based on factors affecting the incidence of weight problems in different areas of the country. [12],[13] Behaviors of nutritional patterns and sedentary lifestyle, as the main causes of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, should be exactly analyzed based on different patterns of weight. [10]
Therefore, by using representative national and provincial data, benefiting from the comprehensive methodology, and following the updated standards and protocols, the aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with underweight, overweight and obesity (including general and abdominal obesity) of children and adolescents aged 6-18.
This paper aimed to explain definitions, organization, methodological design, methods of data gathering or generating, and early findings of a national project on determinants of weight disorders among Iranian children and adolescents at national and sub-national levels.
Methods | |  |
Overview
The present study was developed as a part of a national survey of school students' high-risk behaviors of the school-based surveillance system entitled Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Noncommunicable disease (CASPIAN-IV) study. [14]
The whole surveillance program includes various risk behaviors and risk factors, and because of the importance of dual weight disorders, as part of the fourth survey of the CASPIAN study, a simultaneous nationwide study was conducted in 2011-2012 to assess the determinants of weight disorders.
It was performed with an interactive partnership between the Ministry of Health and Medical Education; Ministry of Education and Training, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Alborz University of Medical Sciences.
The main process
This is an applied descriptive analytical study which was followed through two phase of and qualitative studies:
Qualitative phase
At the first stage of project, a qualitative study was conducted to develop a valid and wide-ranging questionnaire for assessment of these parameters in a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents in Iran. Through focus group discussion with 275 children and adolescents and their parents, after a qualitative content analysis, the initial items were extracted. In the next step, the face validity was assessed by expert panelists using the quantitative method of the impact score. To assess the content validity, the content validity rate and the content validity index were determined. The internal consistency was examined by Cronbach alpha, and its test-retest reliability was determined. [10]
Quantitative phase
At this phase, expert collaborator exactly conducted the measurements of anthropometric parameters. Interviews and completing the questionnaires were exactly followed by trained interviewers.
Under the comprehensive supervision of executive manager, all of the processes were exactly monitored and evaluated by a team of trained experts. Completed questionnaires were reviewed at the provincial level. After required revision, the provincial executive approved final versions.
At country level, data entry and require cleaning were performed in final databases.
Study population
The survey was performed among students aged 6-18 years, from urban and rural areas of 31 provinces of Iran. Eligible schools for our study were stratified according to information bank of Ministry of Education. Those students with non-Iranian nationality, gross physical disability, history of chronic disease, and history of chronic drug consumption were not recruited in the study. After determining clusters and target schools in any area, sampling was completed by a random selection of students.
Sample size and sampling methods
In the present study, children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were selected by multistage random cluster sampling from urban and rural areas of 31 provinces of Iran. Eligible schools for our study were stratified according to information bank of Ministry of Education, and then, they were selected randomly. In selected schools, students were also selected randomly.
Considering following formula, the sample size calculated as follows:

For 2 sexes, 31 provinces, and 3 age groups, total sample sizes calculated approximately 25,000 students.
Ethical concerns
The study was conducted according to the declaration of Helsinki (Seoul, 2008). The ethics committees and other relevant national and provincial regulatory organizations gave ethical approval.
For each participant after complete explanation of the objectives and protocols, they were assured that their responses would remain anonymous and confidential. Participation in the study was voluntary, and all of the potential participants had the right to withdraw from the study at any time. Written informed consent and oral assent were obtained from parents and students, respectively.
Measurements
Under the supervision of expert health care professionals, the students filled out the self-administered questionnaire at school. A team of trained health care professionals recorded information in a checklist and conducted the examinations under standard protocol using calibrated instruments.
Based on findings of our primary study on validation of questionnaires for assessment of growth.
Parameters in Iranian children and adolescents, sociodemographic variables, perinatal factors, lifestyle factors, family dietary habits, students' history, and familial history of chronic diseases were addressed in questionnaires. Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The reliability and validity of all questionnaires were confirmed through previous studies. [10]
For assessment and scoring of quality of life, we used a standard questionnaire, validated in Iranian children and adolescents. [15],[16]
Weight was measured to the nearest 200 g in barefoot and lightly dressed condition. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (Ht) squared (m 2 ). Waist circumference (WC) was measured by a nonelastic tape to the nearest 0.2 cm at the end of expiration at the midpoint between the top of iliac crest and the lowest rib in standing position. Hip circumference (HC) was measured at the widest part of the hip at the level of the greater trochanter to the nearest 0.1 cm. Wrist circumference was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm on the dominant arm using a nonelastic tape meter. Waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated by dividing WC to HC and Ht, respectively.
The World Health Organization (WHO) standard curves were used to define underweight, overweight, and obesity. Definition of underweight was based on BMI less than 5 th percentile for age and gender. Overweight subjects were classified as BMI between 85 th and 95 th percentiles, and obesity was considered as BMI greater than the 95 th centile for age and gender. Abdominal obesity was considered as WHtR more than 0.5. [17] The WHO Child Growth Standards were applied, because they can be used to assess children everywhere, regardless of ethnicity, socioeconomic status and type of feeding. [18]
Statistical methods and analysis plans
We analyzed data using STATA package (Release 12. STATA Corp LP. Package, College Station, TX, USA). All analyses were performed using survey analysis method. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and categorical data as number and percentage. Data analysis was conducted using Student's t-test and Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results | |  |
In this national survey, 23,043 students out of 25,000 invited individuals participated (participation rate: 92.17%). Data of one province (South Khorasan) were not available. The mean age of participants was 12.55 ± 3.31 years without significant difference in terms of gender. Overall, 50.8% of students were boys, and 73.4% were from urban areas. Considering age, 31.2% were in the 6-9.9 years, 34.8% in the 10-13.9 years, and 33.9% in the 14-18 years age groups. 90.9% of students were from public schools and the rest from private schools.
The mean and SD of anthropometric indexes of students are presented in [Table 1]. Mean BMI was higher in girls; height, weight, WC, and WHtR were higher in boys. Of participants, 9.8% (10.4% of boys and 9.2% of girls) were underweight, 13% (13.2% of boys and 12.9% of girls) were overweight, and 6.6% were obese (7.8% of boys and 5.4% of girls). Abdominal obesity was found in 17.6% of students (18.9% of boys and 16.3% of girls). | Table 1: The mean and SD of anthropometric indices of participants by gender
Click here to view |
Overweight and/or obesity was found in 18.3% of girls and 21% of boys; 21.8% in urban and 13.4% in rural areas; the corresponding figures for underweight were 9.2%, 10.4%, 8.7% and 12.8%, respectively.
Among normal weight participants, 70.4% had a correct perception of their body images. Significant associations existed between BMI categories and duration of watching TV in both weekdays and weekends. Appropriate quality of life was reported in 66.1% of normal weight participants, and 3% of obese group [Table 2]. | Table 2: Weight disorders in children and adolescents according to different variables studied†
Click here to view |
Considering the weight status of parents, obesity was the most common weight disorder, with higher prevalence in girls' than in boys' parents (24.5% vs. 21.5%, respectively, P < 0.001). Overweight combined with obesity was more prevalent in urban parents than rural parents (66.7% vs. 59.7%, respectively, P < 0.001). Age and weight gain had a significant association (P < 0.001). [Table 3] shows the parents weight status according to gender, residence area, and age group of students. | Table 3: Weight status of parents according to gender, place of residence, and age group of students
Click here to view |
Discussion | |  |
The findings of this national survey provide comprehensive scientific evidence for action-oriented policy making for prevention and control of growth disorders, as well as for health promotion of these age groups.
Most students were in the normal weight categories (57% of boys and 65.9% of girls). From normal weigh students, 61.4% had more than 2 h/day screen time, 61.7% used computer games, more than 2 h/day, and 61.7% reported that they have mild level of physical activity. These lifestyle habits exposed them to chronic diseases in their future adulthood.
In almost all weight categories, the physical activity levels were inadequate. Overall, the patterns of screen time, watching TV or computer games were higher than the recommended time. Present findings are consistent with some other studies in alarming low levels of physical activity among children and adolescents. [19],[20]
Our national findings on the dual burden of nutritional disorders either underweight or overweight among Iranian children and adolescents, aligned with the results of most developing countries, emphasizes on the importance of considering the weight disorders consequences. [21],[22] Rapid transition in lifestyle covers a wide dimension of related factors as habitual diet, and physical inactivity makes young individuals more susceptible to weight disorders. [22],[23] The considerably high prevalence of abdominal obesity needs more attention for long-term adverse health effects. [24],[25]
The relationships of lifestyle with obesity in parents and their children have been discussed in some previous studies. [26],[27],[28] The present results also emphasize the role of weight status of parents as one of the main risk factors for obesity in this group of children.
Given the importance and the extent of problem, many attempts have been focused on the prevention and control strategies. In these regards, vast advocacy on serious short- and long-time health adverse effects, encouraging adopting physical activity habits in routine daily life and lifestyle promotion are the most acceptable domains for action plans. [21],[29],[30],[31]
For children and adolescents, schools represent a suitable setting for interventional programs through which improving students' knowledge and attitude on their nutritional habits and physical activity lead to effective changes in demanded behaviors. [20],[32],[33],[34],[35]
This study faced some limitations. Similar to other questionnaire-based studies, the problems of underestimation or overestimation of the time spent on component as screen time or physical activity and the recall bias should be taken into account. Moreover, the cross-sectional nature of the survey limits the interpretation of the associations demonstrated in this study.
The present study has many strengths. This is the first comprehensive analysis of determinants of weight disorders at national and sub-national levels in a nationally representative sample of the pediatric population in the Middle East and North Africa. Provided evidences have significant implications for policy making. Methodologically, considering the standard methods, almost data gathered for most accurate estimations. Moreover, different indicators including quality of life and body image have been considered in this study.
Conclusions | |  |
The current study documented important evidence on growth disorders and associating factors at national and sub-national levels. Interventional programs are suggested for preventive and controlling strategies. These estimations provide practical information for health policies and programs to implement action-oriented interventions at national and sub-national levels.
Acknowledgement | |  |
The authors are thankful of the large team working on this study and all participants in different provinces.
References | |  |
1. | Kelishadi R. Childhood overweight, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome in developing countries. Epidemiol Rev 2007;29:62-76. |
2. | Katz DL, O'Connell M, Yeh MC, Nawaz H, Njike V, Anderson LM, et al. Public health strategies for preventing and controlling overweight and obesity in school and worksite settings: A report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR Recomm Rep 2005;54:1-12. |
3. | Mansourian M, Marateb HR, Kelishadi R, Motlagh ME, Aminaee T, Taslimi M, et al. First growth curves based on the World health organization reference in a nationally-representative sample of pediatric population in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): The Caspian-III study. BMC Pediatr 2012;12:149. |
4. | Djalalinia S, Ramezani-Tehrani F, Malekafzali H, Hejazi F, Peykari N. Development and evaluation of a nutritional health program for adolescents. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2013;18:425-7. |
5. | Peykari N, Tehrani FR, Eftekhari MB, Malekafzali H, Dejman M, Neot R, et al. A peer-based study on adolescence nutritional health: A lesson learned from Iran. J Pak Med Assoc 2011;61:549-54. |
6. | Finucane MM, Stevens GA, Cowan MJ, Danaei G, Lin JK, Paciorek CJ, et al. National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: Systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9·1 million participants. Lancet 2011;377:557-67. |
7. | McGill HC, McMahan CA, Gidding SS. Are pediatricians responsible for prevention of adult cardiovascular disease? Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2009;6:10-1. |
8. | Kelishadi R, Mirghaffari N, Poursafa P, Gidding SS. Lifestyle and environmental factors associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in children. Atherosclerosis 2009;203:311-9. |
9. | Motlagh ME, Kelishadi R, Amirkhani MA, Ziaoddini H, Dashti M, Aminaee T, et al. Double burden of nutritional disorders in young Iranian children: Findings of a nationwide screening survey. Public Health Nutr 2011;14:605-10. |
10. | Kelishadi R, Majdzadeh R, Motlagh ME, Heshmat R, Aminaee T, Ardalan G, et al. Development and Evaluation of a Questionnaire for Assessment of Determinants of Weight Disorders among Children and Adolescents: The Caspian-IV Study. Int J Prev Med 2012;3:699-705.  [ PUBMED] |
11. | Kelishadi R, Hovsepian S, Qorbani M, Jamshidi F, Fallah Z, Djalalinia S, et al. National and sub-national prevalence, trend, and burden of cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian children and adolescents, 1990-2013. Arch Iran Med 2014;17:71-80. |
12. | Lobstein T, Baur L, Uauy R, IASO International Obesity TaskForce. Obesity in children and young people: A crisis in public health. Obes Rev 2004;5 Suppl 1:4-104. |
13. | World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2000. |
14. | Kelishadi R, Ardalan G, Qorbani M, Ataie-Jafari A, Bahreynian M, Taslimi M, et al. Methodology and early findings of the fourth survey of childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of adult non-communicable disease in Iran: The CASPIAN-IV Study. Int J Prev Med 2013;4:1451-60.  [ PUBMED] |
15. | Gheissari A, Farajzadegan Z, Heidary M, Salehi F, Masaeli A, Mazrooei A, et al. Validation of persian version of PedsQL™ 4.0™ generic core scales in toddlers and children. Int J Prev Med 2012;3:341-50.  [ PUBMED] |
16. | Jafari P, Bagheri Z, Ayatollahi SM, Soltani Z. Using Rasch rating scale model to reassess the psychometric properties of the persian version of the PedsQL™ 4.0 generic core scales in school children. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2012;10:27. |
17. | Li C, Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Cook S. Recent trends in waist circumference and waist-height ratio among US children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2006;118:e1390-8. |
18. | WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO Child Growth Standards based on length/height, weight and age. Acta Paediatr Suppl 2006;450:76-85. |
19. | Nader P. Frequency and intensity of activity of third-grade children in physical education. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157:185. |
20. | Ridgers ND, Stratton G, Fairclough SJ. Physical activity levels of children during school playtime. Sports Med 2006;36:359-71. |
21. | Bryant-Waugh R. Feeding and eating disorders in children. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2013;26:537-42. |
22. | Al-Hazzaa HM, Abahussain NA, Al-Sobayel HI, Qahwaji DM, Musaiger AO. Physical activity, sedentary behaviors and dietary habits among Saudi adolescents relative to age, gender and region. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011;8:140. |
23. | Hodges EA. A primer on early childhood obesity and parental influence. Pediatr Nurs 2003;29:13-6. |
24. | Schutte AE, van Rooyen JM, Huisman HW, Kruger HS, Malan NT, De Ridder JH, et al. Dietary risk markers that contribute to the aetiology of hypertension in black South African children: The THUSA BANA study. J Hum Hypertens 2003;17:29-35. |
25. | van Rooyen JM, Kruger HS, Huisman HW, Schutte AE, Malan NT, Schutte R. Early cardiovascular changes in 10- to 15-year-old stunted children: The transition and health during urbanization in South Africa in Children study. Nutrition 2005;21:808-14. |
26. | Maffeis C, Talamini G, Tatò L. Influence of diet, physical activity and parents' obesity on children's adiposity: A four-year longitudinal study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998;22:758-64. |
27. | Golan M, Weizman A, Apter A, Fainaru M. Parents as the exclusive agents of change in the treatment of childhood obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:1130-5. |
28. | Hassink SG, Director NOI. Pediatric Obesity for Primary Care. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006. |
29. | Kelishadi R, Ghatrehsamani S, Hosseini M, Mirmoghtadaee P, Mansouri S, Poursafa P. Barriers to physical activity in a population-based sample of children and adolescents in Isfahan, Iran. Int J Prev Med 2010;1:131-7.  [ PUBMED] |
30. | Peykari N, Eftekhari MB, Tehrani FR, Afzali HM, Hejazi F, Atoofi MK, et al. Promoting physical activity participation among adolescents: The barriers and the suggestions. Int J Prev Med 2015;6:12. |
31. | Djalalinia SH, Tehrani FR, Afzali HM, Peykari N, Eftekhari MB. Community mobilization for youth health promotion: A lesson learned from iran. Iran J Public Health 2012;41:55-62. |
32. | Story M, Nanney MS, Schwartz MB. Schools and obesity prevention: Creating school environments and policies to promote healthy eating and physical activity. Milbank Q 2009;87:71-100. |
33. | Caballero B, Clay T, Davis SM, Ethelbah B, Rock BH, Lohman T, et al. Pathways: a school-based, randomized controlled trial for the prevention of obesity in American Indian schoolchildren. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:1030-8. |
34. | Warren JM, Henry CJ, Lightowler HJ, Bradshaw SM, Perwaiz S. Evaluation of a pilot school programme aimed at the prevention of obesity in children. Health Promot Int 2003;18:287-96. |
35. | Kropski JA, Keckley PH, Jensen GL. School-based obesity prevention programs: An evidence-based review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16:1009-18. |
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3]
This article has been cited by | 1 |
Association of single child family with subjective health complaints in children and adolescents |
|
| Hadith Rastad, Mostafa Qorbani, Kumars Pourrostami, Fatemeh Ochi, Ali Sheidayi, Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed, Ehsan Seif, Nami Mohammadian Khonsari, Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi, Ramin Heshmat, Roya Kelishadi | | Scientific Reports. 2022; 12(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 2 |
Physical activity and sedentary behaviors (screen time and homework) among overweight or obese adolescents: a cross-sectional observational study in Yazd, Iran |
|
| Ali Mohammad Hadianfard,Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi,Majid Karandish,Maryam Azhdari | | BMC Pediatrics. 2021; 21(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 3 |
Association between dietary diversity score and anthropometric indices among children and adolescents: the weight disorders survey in the
CASPIAN-IV
study |
|
| Motahar Heidari-Beni,Roya Riahi,Soraya Massoudi,Mostafa Qorbani,Roya Kelishadi | | Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 4 |
Association of dietary acid load with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents |
|
| Zahra Aslani,Maryam Bahreynian,Nazli Namazi,Nitin Shivappa,James R. Hébert,Hamid Asayesh,Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,Mohammad Ali Pourmirzaei,Amir Kasaeian,Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi,Mostafa Qorbani,Roya Kelishadi | | Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 5 |
Economic inequality in prevalence of underweight and short stature in children and adolescents: the weight disorders survey of the CASPIAN-IV study |
|
| Ramin Heshmat,Mostafa Qorbani,Nafiseh Mozafarian,Shirin Djalalinia,Ali Sheidaei,Morteza Mansourian,Nastaran Hajizadeh,Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,Hamid Asayesh,Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi,Roya Kelishadi | | Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 6 |
Reference values for lipid profile in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study |
|
| Fatemeh Azizi-Soleiman,Maliheh Khoramdad,Ramin Heshmat,Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed,Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali,Mostafa Qorbani,Roya Kelishadi | | Lipids in Health and Disease. 2020; 19(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 7 |
Association between Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score and Anthropometric Measurements in Children and Adolescents: The Weight Disorders Survey of the CASPIAN-IV Study |
|
| Fatemeh Azizi-Soleiman,Mehri Khoshhali,Motahar Heidari-Beni,Mostafa Qorbani,Roya Kelishadi | | Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 8 |
Higher dietary phytochemical index is associated with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents: the weight disorders survey of the CASPIAN-IV study |
|
| Fatemeh Azizi-Soleiman,Mehri Khoshhali,Motahar Heidari-Beni,Mostafa Qorbani,Mohammad Ali Pourmirzaei,Roya Kelishadi | | International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. 2020; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 9 |
Association of screen time and physical activity with health-related quality of life in Iranian children and adolescents |
|
| Nazgol Motamed-Gorji,Mostafa Qorbani,Fatemeh Nikkho,Mojgan Asadi,Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,Omid Safari,Tahereh Arefirad,Hamid Asayesh,Rasool Mohammadi,Morteza Mansourian,Roya Kelishadi | | Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2019; 17(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 10 |
Association between parental feeding practices and later body mass index in children and adolescents: The Weight disorder survey of the CASPIAN-IV Study |
|
| Maryam Bahreynian,Nafiseh Mozafarian,Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,Mostafa Qorbani,Ramin Heshmat,Roya Kelishadi | | Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2019; 12(1): 119 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 11 |
Association of nutrient patterns with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents: The weight disorders survey of the CASPIAN-IV study |
|
| Roya Kelishadi,Motahar Heidari-Beni,Mohammad Esmaeil-Motlagh,Makan Pourmasoumi,Akbar Fazel-Tabar Malekshah,Mostafa Qorbani | | Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2019; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 12 |
Association between mean adequacy ratio as diet quality index and anthropometric indices in children and adolescents |
|
| Roya Kelishadi,Mehri Khoshhali,Zeinab Hemati,Fatemeh Mohebpour,Motahar Heidari-Beni | | Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2019; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 13 |
Association of dietary fiber intake with general and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents: The Weight disorder survey of the CASPIAN-IV Study |
|
| Maryam Bahreynian,Mostafa Qorbani,Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,Roya Riahi,Roya Kelishadi | | Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2018; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 14 |
Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents: the weight disorder survey of the Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Disease (CASPIAN)-IV study |
|
| Zahra Aslani,Mostafa Qorbani,James R. Hébert,Nitin Shivappa,Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,Hamid Asayesh,Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi,Roya Kelishadi | | British Journal of Nutrition. 2018; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 15 |
Neck Circumference Percentiles of Iranian Children and Adolescents: The Weight Disorders Survey of CASPIAN IV Study |
|
| Mostafa Hosseini,Mohammad Esmail Motlagh,Mahmoud Yousefifard,Mostafa Qorbani,Neamatollah Ataei,Hamid Asayesh,Mehdi Yaseri,Rasool Mohammadi,Masoud Baikpour,Arash Abbasi,Roya Kelishadi | | International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2017; In Press(In Press) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 16 |
Association of obesity and health related quality of life in Iranian children and adolescents: the Weight Disorders Survey of the CASPIAN-IV study |
|
| Silva Hovsepian,Mostafa Qorbani,Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,Aryan Madady,Morteza Mansourian,Armita Mahdavi Gorabi,Roya Kelishadi | | Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2017; 0(0) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 17 |
Joint association of screen time and physical activity with anthropometric measures in Iranian children and adolescents: the weight disorders survey of the CASPIAN-IV study |
|
| Shirin Djalalinia,Mostafa Qorbani,Negar Rezaei,Ali Sheidaei,Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi,Amir Kasaeian,Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,Hamid Asayesh,Saeid Safiri,Roya Kelishadi | | Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2017; 30(7) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 18 |
Height-adjusted percentiles evaluated central obesity in children and adolescents more effectively than just waist circumference |
|
| Mostafa Hosseini,Roya Kelishadi,Mahmoud Yousefifard,Mostafa Qorbani,Behnaz Bazargani,Ramin Heshmat,Mohammad Esmail Motlagh,Babak Mirminachi,Neamatollah Ataei | | Acta Paediatrica. 2017; 106(1): 112 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 19 |
Double burden of diseases worldwide: coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition-related non-communicable chronic diseases |
|
| Jungwon Min,Yaling Zhao,Lauren Slivka,Youfa Wang | | Obesity Reviews. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 20 |
Association of ghrelin with cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian adolescents: the CASPIAN-III study |
|
| Ramin Heshmat,Gita Shafiee,Mostafa Qorbani,Fatemeh Azizi-Soleiman,Shirin Djalalinia,Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,Gelayol Ardalan,Zeinab Ahadi,Omid Safari,Saeid Safiri,Roya Kelishadi | | Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research. 2016; 8(3): 107 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
|
 |
 |
|